How does a vacuum cleaner motor generate suction

The process by which a vacuum cleaner motor generates suction involves the mechanics and fluid dynamics of the motor.

Mechanical Power: The primary task of a vacuum cleaner motor is to generate suction through mechanical power. The rotor in the motor begins to rotate due to the action of electric current, and this rotational motion is transmitted to the fan or impeller in the vacuum cleaner. The rotational motion of this fan or impeller causes the movement of air.

Air Movement: As the fan or impeller rotates, the air is forced to move. This process creates a low-pressure area, which is the air inlet of the vacuum cleaner. According to Bernoulli's principle of fluid dynamics, the pressure of a fluid decreases as it passes through a region where the velocity increases. Therefore, in the area near the fan or impeller, the pressure of the air is reduced, creating a suction force.

Create negative pressure: Vacuum cleaners are designed to create negative pressure using airflow created by mechanical movement. This negative pressure forces surrounding air, dust, and particles into the air inlet of the vacuum cleaner, thereby generating suction.

Dust Collection: The air entering your vacuum cleaner carries dust, dirt, and tiny particles. Due to the negative pressure, these particles are quickly adsorbed to the collection container or filter of the vacuum cleaner. This process ensures the vacuum cleaner’s efficient cleaning capabilities.

Filtration and Separation: In some vacuum cleaners, there are filters that further filter the air to prevent dust from escaping. Some advanced vacuum cleaners may also use centrifugal separation technology to separate dust and air through the force of rotation, making dust easier to collect and clean.

Adjust suction strength: Some vacuum cleaner motors have an adjustable suction strength feature. By adjusting the speed of the motor, users can flexibly control the suction intensity of the vacuum cleaner to suit different cleaning tasks and floor types.